Molecular and Developmental Animal Physiology

Vakinformatie

Molecular and Developmental Animal Physiology

ECTS-fiche: https://onderwijsaanbod.kuleuven.be/syllabi/e/G0G55AE.htm

Examenvragen

25/06/2025 (Written)

1. Explain briefly: transdifferentiation, cytoneme, hypostome, Spemann-mangold organizer
2. Techniques: in situ hybridisation, CRISPR-Cas9
3. Hedgehog signaling + example
4. Cell diferentiation C. elegans (based on a figure)
5. Metamorphosis amphibians (based on a figure)

28/06/2023 (Written)

1. Explain briefly: iPSCs, reaction-diffusion mechanism, pair-rule genes, Spemann-Mangold Organizer (2pts)
2. Techniques: cell lineage tracing (fate mapping), Cre-Lox system (2pts)
3. Wnt canonical signaling + example (3pts)
4. Sex determination in drosophila (4pts) (he gives the figure of Sxl protein and flies, fig 6.12 from book, 12th ed 2020).
5. Explain and compare all 4 modes of regeneration based on figure (Fig 22.3 from book, 12th ed 2020), give one example for each one (4pts)

19/06/2021 (Written exam due to COVID-19)

1. Explain briefly (2):
   1. Cytoneme
   2. Morphollaxis
   3. Turing model
   4. Spemann-Mangold organizer
2. Briefly explain following techniques (2):
   1. ChIP-sequencing
   2. RNA interference
3. Discuss the Delta-Notch signaling pathway and give one example during development (3)
4. Discuss how hox genes are crucial during development and why are they important to study in Evo-Dev? (You get the figure with hox genes in fruit fly and mouse). (4)
5. Discuss sex determination in fruit flies according to the figure. (You get the figure of female and male sxl, tra, tra2, dsx, fruitless with arrows (you do not get the figure with alternative splicing)). (4)

15/06/2020 Afternoon (Written exam due to COVID-19)

1. Explain in one sentence(2):
   1. blastema
   2. conditional specification
   3. gynadromorph
   4. epiblast
2. Techniques(2):
   1. Gal4-UAS
   2. ChIP-Seq
3. Hedgehog signaling pathway + example (3)
4. Function of the "Organizer" (=Spemann organizer) + link this with picture (4)
5. Regeneration of flatworms + link this with given picture (cNeoblasts pluripotent - multipotent progenitors dilemma) (4)

17/06/2019

1. 1. Spemann-Mangold Organizer, nieuwkoop center, apoptosis
2. the Hippo-pathway and its role in developmental process (2)
3. Explain: RNA interference and in situ hybridization (2)
4. regeneration (amphibia)
5. Dorso-ventrale ontwikkeling in de vlieg (early development)

18/06/2018 NM

1. Briefly explain (3)
   1. Spemann-Mangold Organizer
   2. Trophoblast
   3. Epimorphosis
2. Discuss the Hippo-pathway and its role in developmental process (2)
3. Sex determination in fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (4)
4. Metamorphosis in amphibians (4)
5. Explain: RNA interference and in situ hybridization (2).

5 more points on the oral exercise

23/06/2017 NM

1. Briefly explain
   1. imaginal disc
   2. polyphenism
   3. gynandromorph
2. Canonical Wnt pathway and it's role in early amphibian development.
3. Role of Hox genes in metazoans
4. Sex determination in mammals
5. Explain: Morpholinos and micro array.

23/06/2016 NM

1. Explain
   1. barr body
   2. hypoblast
   3. nieuwkoopcenter
2. BMP signaling + example
3. DV drosophila
4. Compare limb development (tetrapoda) abd limb regeneration (amphibia)
5. Explain techniques:
   1. reproductive cloning
   2. morfolines (extra question: why use morfolinos and not for example RNAi)

17/06/2016 NM

1. Briefly explain
   1. Trophoblast
   2. Parasegments
   3. Micropyle
2. Hedgehog signaling pathway + example in development
3. DV axis in amphibians
4. Sex differentiation in Drosophilas
5. Briefly explain following technique
   1. In situ hybridisation
   2. RNA interference

25/06/2015 NM

1. Explain:
   1. Embryonic Shield
   2. Hypoblast
   3. Polyfenisme
2. Wnt singaling + voorbeeld
3. Sex differentiatie bij drosophila
4. Hox genen clusters bij metazoa uitleggen en vertellen waarom het belangrijk is in evolutie. Bijvraag: hoe zit dat bij vliegen?
5. Technieken:
   1. conditionele knock-outs
   2. enhancer trapping

25/06/2015 VM

1. Explain:
   1. Barr body
   2. Histoblast
   3. Nieuwkoop center
2. Hedgehoc signalling pathway + voorbeeld
3. Dorso-ventrale ontwikkeling in de vlieg (early development)
4. vergelijking limp development met regeneratie bij amfibieën
5. technieken:
   1. reproductive cloning
   2. Morpholinos

19/06/2015

1. Explain:
   1. apoptosis
   2. miRNA
   3. micropyle
2. What role(s) does DNA methylation have on development? Illustrate with an example.
3. Explain 'dosage compensation' in worms, flies and humans.
4. Explain the anterior-posterior establishing in Drosophila.
5. Explain:
   1. Transgenic mice
   2. microarray

22/06/12

1. Begrippen
   1. micropyle
   2. hypoblast
   3. trophoblast
2. Notch signalling pathway
3. Sexdeterminatie bij Drosophila
4. Metamorfose bij amfibieën
5. Techieken:
   1. microarray
   2. gel mobility shift assay

1 juli 2011 VM

1. Explain:
   1. Barr body
   2. Epiboly
   3. Nieuwkoop center
2. Explain how the AP-axis is established in Drosophila
3. Describe digit formation in tetrapods
4. Describe the Hedgehog pathway and give an example
5. Explain:
   1. In situ hybridization
   2. Morpholino oligomers

24 juni 2011

1. leg kort uit:
   1. apoptose
   2. epiblast
   3. imaginal disc
2. BMP signalling pathway + vb uit ontwikkeling
3. Hox gene cluster in metazoa bespreken + rol in de evolutie en ontwikkeling uitleggen
4. Sex determinatie bij de vlieg
5. Volgende technieken uitleggen:
   1. RNAi
   2. reproductieve kloning

juni 2010

1. Briefly explain:
   1. embryonic shield
   2. morfogenetic field
2. P-granules
3. Explain how the AP-axis is established in Drosophila
4. Describe proves of digit formation in tetrapods
5. Briefly explain the principle of following technical apllications
   1. Conditional Knock-out
   2. Enhancer trapping

19 juni 2010

1. leg kort uit:
   1. epiboly
   2. microRNA
2. mid-blastula transition
3. invloed van omgevingsfactoren op ontwikkeling: leg uit een geef een voorbeeld
4. vergelijk de specificatie en patterning van de dorso-ventrale as in fliegen en kikkers
5. bespreek sex determination in drosophila melanogaster
6. leg volgende technieken uit:
   1. transgene knock-out muizen
   2. morpholino oligomeren