Genoom-, proteoom- en metaboloomanalyse: verschil tussen versies

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==Vakinformatie==
==Vakinformatie==
Genoom-, proteoom- en metaboloomanalyse
Genoom-, proteoom- en metaboloomanalyse
Het vak wordt gegeven door prof. Landuyt en prof. Robben. Landuyt zijn deel is open boek en open computer. Alles mag gebruikt worden behalve communicatie middelen of ppt's van Robben als het mondeling nog niet is afgelegd. Robben zijn deel is mondeling en gesloten boek. Robben maakt elk examen nieuwe vragen
Het vak wordt gegeven door prof. Landuyt en prof. Robben. Robben zijn deel is mondeling en gesloten boek. Robben maakt elk examen nieuwe vragen
 
2022-2023: het vak wordt gegeven door Landuyt (metabolomics), Robben (genomics), en Schoofs (proteomics). Alles is gesloten boek.
 
2023-2024: het vak wordt gegeven door Van Belleghem (genomics) en Schoofs (proteomics). Voor het metabolomics gedeelte van Landuyt moest je oude lesopnames kijken. Alles is gesloten boek, geschreven examen
 
2024-2025: Het vak wordt gegeven door Van Belleghem (genomics) en Temmerman (proteomics en metabolomics). Voor het deel van Temmerman waren er opnames van prof Schoofs en Landuyt, vanwege Temmerman haar zwangerschap. Ze was er wel voor vragen te beantwoorden. Alles is gesloten boek, geschreven examen.
 
2025-2026: De eerste zes hoorcolleges worden gegevens door Prof. Van Belleghem (genomics, transcriptomics, interactomics), de volgende vier door Prof. Temmerman (MS, proteomics, peptidomics) en de laatse twee door Prof. Pontrelli (metabolomics). Er zijn ook oefenzittingen en case studies. Op het examen zijn er twee theorie delen (elk 40%) en een oefening (20%). Je moet slagen voor het theorie deel van Van Belleghem en het theorie deel van Temmerman/Pontrelli om voor het vak te kunnen slagen.


ECTS-fiche: https://onderwijsaanbod.kuleuven.be/syllabi/n/G0G57AN.htm
ECTS-fiche: https://onderwijsaanbod.kuleuven.be/syllabi/n/G0G57AN.htm


==Examenvragen==
==Examenvragen==
=== 8u 9/1/2026 ===
1. Proteomics- Temmerman
* a. Open question (4 points): What are PCR based alternatives of MS for proteomics studies ? What are limitations and advantages of these techniques and compare this to Mass spec. Answer: Proximity Extension Assay; SOMAscan
* b. Exercise question (4 points): No calculator allowed !
*# A sequence was given (both one letter code and peptide structure of the sequence). Indicate the b2 and y2 ions of this tryptic peptide.
*# Spectrum was given. Indicate which peaks correspond to the b2 and y2 ion.
*# Annotate all the other peaks needed to get the peaks for y2 and b2 ions, when no sequence was given and sequencing de novo
*# This is a tryptic peptide. When this was not given, you could not finish this exercise. Why ?
2. Metabolomics- Pontrelli
* a. Open question (4 points) Log Transformation and Z-scoring need to be performed before PCA. Why is Z-scoring required before performing PCA ? Which information is retained / can be lost during Z-scoring ? In which condition can a misleading conclusion be derived ?
3. Genomics- Van Belleghem
* a. Open Question: Human genome project
*# Sequencing strategy of the first Human genome. Steps in sequencing and genome assembly  (5 points)
*# Limitations of the technique (cost, time, accuracy) (3 points)
*# How have modern sequencing strategies helped in conquering these challenges? (3 points)
* b. Terms (9 points in total)
*# ChIP-seq (mechanism, which molecules can be detected)
*# Photolithography (mechanism, in which biological process is this used ?)
*# Retrotransposons (origin, mechanism, genome content)
===21/01/2025===
SVB
* Open question about pangenome analysis including 50 genomes of Arabidopsis individuals from different environments and locations (11 points in total)
*# Explain the concept of a pangenome analysis and explain the state of the art sequencing technique that can be used in detail (6 points)
*# Comparison of pangenomes to high quality reference genome of Arabidopsis reveals accessory sequences and structural variants. Can you explain what is causing these accessory sequences and structural variants? (3 points)
*# Can you think of at least 2 techniques that can be used to study the functionality of these accessory sequences? (2 points)
* Terms (3 points/term so 9 points in total)
*# ATAC-seq
*# AP-MS
*# LINE
Temmerman
* Labels in proteomics: why used? Which types of labels are there? Give example for each type and explain the differences. (7 points)
* MS spectrum: Label the axes. Which peptides in spectrum? Identify which peaks belong to which peptides. (4 points)
* Are the following statements true or false. Explain briefly (1 point)
*# peptide mass fingerprinting can be combined with shotgun proteomics
*# peptide mass fingerprinting requires MS/MS data
===01/02/2024===
SVB
*Open question: 233 genomes of primates to be sequenced, focus on repetitive content in the genome. What sequencing technologies and equipment to use? Why?
*Explain how the chosen technologies work.
*Give two examples of how  can be used
*Terms
*#Retrovirus-like elements
*#GWAS
*#ChIP-Seq
Schoofs
NO CALCULATOR ALLOWED
*Explain how to identify proteins with explorative (shotgun) proteomics
*Explain the differences between MALDI and ESI
*Multiple choice with explanation
*#No two identical compounds will ionise and fragment in exactly the same manner, true or false
*#Enriched proteins of cultured cells, appropriate method (DiGE, SILAC, SRM, Label-free methods)
*#What is SRM used for?
*#Which conclusion can be drawn from a 2D gel electrophoresis experiment?
*#m/z of 120, 121, 122, 123, which isotopes are responsible for signal at m/z 122 (12C, 35Cl, 1H; 12C, 35Cl, 2H; 12C, 37Cl, 1H; 12C, 37Cl, 2H)
*Exercises
*#Question about a fragmented peptide MS2 spectra
*#*Why do the y ions have different intensities?
*#*Explain how the peptide sequence (given) is derived from the spectrum.
*#Figure with mass spectrum, what is the mass of the peak? (2 peaks, second peak is isotopes with distance of +1)
*Definitions
*#Delayed extraction
*#Reflectron mode
*#Targeted proteomics
*#Mascot
*#DDA
===23/01/2024===
SVB
*Open question: 4000 genomes of Darwin's finches underwent resequencing encompassing individuals of 4 species
*#Explain the methodology in conducting resequencing. what are the key steps and technologies?
*#Evaluate the challenges of fragmentation of the reference genome, knowing that the genome existed of about 20.000 scaffolds of large size:
*#*What genomic properties caused it to be fragmented? (repeats)
*#*What is the significance of this issue?
*#*Propose a method to enhance the coherency of the reference genome.
*#Give two illustrative examples of insights that can be derived from experiments like these.
*Terms
*#Phylogenetic footprinting
*#AP-MS
*#Gene regulatory network
Schoofs
*Explain how proteins of a biological sample can be identified with peptide masss fingerprinting using a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer.
*Multiple choice with explanation
*#Two compounds fragment in exactly the same manner, true or false
*#Enriched proteins of cultured cells, appropriate method (DiGE, SILAC, SRM, Label-free methods)
*#What is a proteotypic peptide?
*#Which conclusion can be drawn from a 2D gel electrophoresis experiment?
*#m/z of 120, 121, 122, 123, which isotopes are responsible for signal at m/z 122 (12C, 35Cl, 1H; 12C, 35Cl, 2H; 12C, 37Cl, 1H; 12C, 37Cl, 2H)
*Exercises
*#Question about the ICAT image from the slides
*#*Are the peptides (A to F) coming from the same protein?
*#*What is the distance between the green and the blue peaks?
*#*Explain how the peptide sequence is derived from the spectrum
*#Figure with mass spectrum, what is the mass of the peak? (2 peaks, second peak is isotopes with distance of 0,5)
*Definitions
*#SRM
*#Isobaric tag
*#Mass spectrometric resolution
*#Mascot
*#E-value
===5/09/2023===
Robben:
# Jarenlang geduurd om genoom van een specifieke boonsoort te sequencen (genoomgrootte = 4x menselijk genoom).
## Speculeer waarom het zo lang geduurd heeft. 
## Geef schematisch weer welke strategie jij zou gebruiken om het genoom vandaag sneller te sequencen.
## Leg de principes van jouw gekozen technieken uit.
# Terms
## ribosome profiling
## scale free networks
## endogenous retrovirus
===24/01/2023===
Robben:
# Illumina, pacbio and oxford nanopore all have their own transcriptomics approach.
## Give the working principle
## critically discuss strengths and weaknesses of the platforms
## Which platform would you choose to study the transcriptome of a cancer tissue? argue.
# Terms
## paired end sequencing
## haplotype association analysis
## protein-protein interaction networks are scale free
Schoofs:
# Open vraag: membraanproteïnen van gezonde muizen en muizen met pituitary tumor onderzoeken. Hoe ga je de identificatie en kwanitificatie doen? aanpak volledig uitleggen.
# kleine vraagjes
## 2 meerkeuze
## 2 begrippen (razor peptide en delayed extraction tof)
## vraag met grafiek (intensiteit vs m/z), hoe massa van ongeladen peptide bepalen adh van deze grafiek?
## iets met de score-value voor peptide mass fingerprint verhogen
# oefening op computer
## frataxin mature peptide spot in een gel picken; welke pI en welke MW?
## Zijn er modificaties, waarom (niet)?
## Geef een lijst met 10 pieken die het hele spectrum weergeven.
===18/01/2021===
Robben:
# SMRT and nanopore can be used to finish the human X chromosome.
## Give the working principle and details of SMRT and nanopore.
## Why are these methods better than Illumina?
## Give the strategy to finish the other chromosomes.
# Terms
## Affymetrix chip
## Gene acquisition (by gene evolution)
## Genomic interactions
Landuyt:
# You get a safe denatured protein mixture from the Sars-Cov-2 virus.
## Describe a method how this mixture is made. (2p)
## If you would be pick the spike protein in a gel-based proteomics experiment, at which MW and PI would you look. Do you expect modifications and why (not)? (3p)
## Give a peak list of 10 peaks that cover the whole spectrum if you use trypsin to digest the spike protein. (4p)
## How can you see the difference between the UK and the standard viariant? Give the principle and calculations. (3)
# Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was developed for malaria treatment and seems to be working against corona in patients with less severe symptomes. We need to know the blood concentrations of HCQ in treated patients. Therefore, you are offered a mass spectrometer with a mass accuracy of 5 ppm.
## How would you prepare the blood samples for this analysis. (3p)
## What is the mass you are going to look after? (...,... Da +- ...,... Da) (4p)
## BONUS question: can you give the mechanism of action of HCQ? (1p)
===28/01/2020===
Robben:
#SMRT sequencing recently had update, something with circularization.
##Discuss the technical aspects etc
##Why is it important?
#Terms
##Polyploidy and genome variation
##NanoString nCounter expression system
##Rosetta Stone Method
Landuyt:
Same as 14/01/2020, 15/01/2020 and 21/01/2020
===21/01/2020===
Robben:
#The genome of cotton was already sequenced in 2012 via Sanger. Which NGS will you use to redo the sequencing?
## Give the working principle and details of the chosen platform.
#Terms
##Gene ontology
##Affimix chip
##Gene interaction mapping
Landuyt (exact same questions as yesterday):
# Placental Growth Factor is an interesting protein.
## Describe briefly what makes this protein so interesting (1p)
## If PlGF would be picked up in a gel-based proteomics experiment, how would the spectrum then look like (provide the exact masses of at least 5 peaks). (4p)
## Describe the workflow of this proteomics strategy starting from a tissue sample (4p)
## What are the shortcoming and advantages of the gel-based approach (3p)
# Curcumin, one of the bioactive metabolites from plants of the ginger family, has many potential medical uses. However, bioavailibility of curcumin is low, and therefore, many research is conducted to find better formulations to reach optimal blood concentrations. In order to support this research, you need to build an assay to asses blood plasma concentrations of curcumin. Therefore, you are offered a mass spectrometer with a mass accuracy of 30 ppm.
## How would you prepare the blood samples for this analysis. (3p)
## What is the mass you are going to look after? (...,... Da +- ...,... Da) (4p)
## BONUS question: can you give one possible strategy to formulate an oral curcumin preparation with better bioavailability. (1p)
===15/01/2020 (afternoon)===
Robben:
# Infection of a certain type of phage in a bacterial cell. You would like to execute a transcriptomal analysis at the moment of encounter of the phage and 15 minutes later.
## Defend which platform/technique you would use.
## Explain the working principles and technical details of the chosen platform/technique.
# Terms
## Optical mapping
## Sequence scaffold
## Interaction network
Landuyt (exact same questions as yesterday):
# Placental Growth Factor is an interesting protein.
## Describe briefly what makes this protein so interesting (1p)
## If PlGF would be picked up in a gel-based proteomics experiment, how would the spectrum then look like (provide the exact masses of at least 5 peaks). (4p)
## Describe the workflow of this proteomics strategy starting from a tissue sample (4p)
## What are the shortcoming and advantages of the gel-based approach (3p)
# Curcumin, one of the bioactive metabolites from plants of the ginger family, has many potential medical uses. However, bioavailibility of curcumin is low, and therefore, many research is conducted to find better formulations to reach optimal blood concentrations. In order to support this research, you need to build an assay to asses blood plasma concentrations of curcumin. Therefore, you are offered a mass spectrometer with a mass accuracy of 30 ppm.
## How would you prepare the blood samples for this analysis. (3p)
## What is the mass you are going to look after? (...,... Da +- ...,... Da) (4p)
## BONUS question: can you give one possible strategy to formulate an oral curcumin preparation with better bioavailability. (1p)
===14/01/2020 (morning)===
Robben:
# Phenotypic differences between closely related almond and peach might largely be attributed to transposable elements. Your lab received funding for comparative genomic sequencing to elucidate the differences.
## Explain schematically the sequencing strategy you would propose.
## Which commerically available next-gen sequencing platform(s) would you propose to use. '''Argue your choice.'''
## Explain the working principles of the chosen platform(s)
# Terms
## Ribosome profiling
## (Transcriptomics) microarray target labeling
## Protein-protein interaction maps are scale free
Landuyt:
# Placental Growth Factor is an interesting protein.
## Describe briefly what makes this protein so interesting (1p)
## If PlGF would be picked up in a gel-based proteomics experiment, how would the spectrum then look like (provide the exact masses of at least 5 peaks). (4p)
## Describe the workflow of this proteomics strategy starting from a tissue sample (4p)
## What are the shortcoming and advantages of the gel-based approach (3p)
# Curcumin, one of the bioactive metabolites from plants of the ginger family, has many potential medical uses. However, bioavailibility of curcumin is low, and therefore, many research is conducted to find better formulations to reach optimal blood concentrations. In order to support this research, you need to build an assay to asses blood plasma concentrations of curcumin. Therefore, you are offered a mass spectrometer with a mass accuracy of 30 ppm.
## How would you prepare the blood samples for this analysis. (3p)
## What is the mass you are going to look after? (...,... Da +- ...,... Da) (4p)
## BONUS question: can you give one possible strategy to formulate an oral curcumin preparation with better bioavailability. (1p)
===29/01/2019===
Robben:
#je hebt een genoom van een axolotl dat je wil analyseren. Het heeft een genoom meer dan dubbel zo groot als dat van de mens. Welke next generation sequencing techniek ga je gebruiken + verdedig waarom
#woordjes:
##Ribsome profiling
##Array protein targetting
##protein-protein interaction map is scale free
Landuyt:
# you receive a peak list: 148.07574, 175.11900, 219.11285, 322.18741, 334.13979, 423.23509, 447.22386, 480.25655, 504.24532, 593.34062, 605.29300, 708.36756, 752.36141, 779.40467, 908.46252, 926.47309       
##Which type of proteomic analysis has been used? (explain thoroughly)
##What is the identity of the protein (explain your strategy for interpretation and the certainty regarding your identification)
##How would the spectrum look like if the other proteomics method would have been used?
##Search for a recent article concerning the protein of interest and give a brief discussion (if you are not sure about your identification (question 2), please use human epidermal growth factor as a substitute (not both! or you pick your identified protein, or the substitute)
#Verhaaltje rond onderzoekers die de bioavailability willen onderzoeken van de stof curcumin, deze stof bevindt zich in het bloed. via MS zul je curcumin kunnen analyseren.
##How would you prepare the patient blood plasma samples to extract the drug? 3p
##Which mass will you be looking for? 4p
##bonus punt: describe a innovative preparation of curcumin for improved oral bioavailability. 1p
===22/01/2019===
Robben:
#verhaal rond een proteïne dat kan instaan voor vele zaken via interacties met een bepaald domein. Hoe kan je deze interacties best bestuderen?
##bespreek welke methode je het best kan gebruiken en vergelijk met andere technieken.
##bespreek kort de manier van werking van de methode die je gekozen hebt.
#begrippen
##paired end sequencing
##nanopore sequencing
##affimetrix chip
Landuyt:
#A proteomics researcher working on a major human disease discovers a significantly expressed protein in a set of biopsies taken from patients, compared with a set of biopsies from healthy individuals. Below you can find the peak list that can be used to identify this protein.                                                                        peak list :920.48 902.47 791.43 774.37 720.40 661.29 607.31 532.24 476.27 445.21 389.24 314.17 260.20 201.09 147.11 130.05
##Which type of proteomics approach has been used? Explain briefly 3p
##What is the identity of the protein? 4p
##What would the spectrum look like if the other proteomics approach would have been used? Give 5 examples masses that could appear in this spectrum. If you do not feel confident about your protein ID, use human epidermal growth factor (EGF) as an alternative for this assignment. 4p
##Briefly explain the biological role of this protein. What type of disease is being studied? 1p
#Some patients are selected for treatment with imatinib mesylate. In order to check the pharmacology of the drug, you are offered an old single quadrupole MS with a mass accuracy of 100ppm.
##How would you prepare the patient blood plasma samples to extract the drug? 3p
##Which mass will you be looking for? 4p
##Bonus question: Can you explain the mode of action of this drug in relation to the drug target (= the protein from question 1)? 1p
===16/01/2019===
Deel Robben:
# je stuurt een bacterie naar de ruimte en laat deze daar groeien, je laat dezelfde bacterie op aarde groeien. Hoe zou jij het transcriptoom onderzoeken? welke techniek gebruik je + verdedig waarom deze en niet de andere. Leg deze techniek uit.
# woordjes:
##SMRT,
##gene altering,
##genetic interactomics
#
Deel Landuyt
#Je hebt een pieklijst, welke methode van proteomics is hier gebruikt om het proteïnen te onderzoeken. er was een verhaaltje bij dat het ging over een meneer met plotse diarree en je neemt een stoelsample om te onderzoeken. Pieklijst: 997.49 979.49 868.46 851.31 754.34 705.39 640.30 592.31 505.28 493.23 406.20 358.21 293.11 244.17 147.11 130.05
Het is volgens de prof : EYI/LSFNPK
# welk protein is het?
# wat zou een 2e mogelijkheid zijn om dit proteïnen te onderzoeken en wat zou je verkrijgen?
# geef meer info over de werking van het proteïnen
Deel 2: Je wilt het actief component van motilium onderzoeken, wat is je strategie?
# De accuraatheid van je ms machine is 10 ppm, waar ga je de piek zien van het actief component?
# Geef meer info over dit component
===15 januari 2019===
Robben
#Solexa sequencing en SMRT vergelijken.
#Begrippen:
##Polyploidie en genomic evolution,
##Nanostring nCounter technologie
##Rosetta stone method
Landuyt
#Proteomics
#* Piekenlijst : 1425.63  1407.62  1297.57  1279.53  1168.53  1165.48  1078.48  1069.46  981.4  968.41  853.39  818.34  722.35  704.29  608.3  573.25  458.23  445.24  357.18  348.19  261.16  258.11  147.11  129.07
#* Welk proteïne is dit?
#* Wat zou het resultaat zijn als er een andere proteomics techniek wordt gebruikt?
#* Geef meer info over de werking van het proteïne
#Metabolomics
#* Je hebt een metaboliet resveratrol dat in rode wijn voorkomt en efficiënt hieruit geëxtraheerd kan worden.
#* Hoe zou je resveratrol opzuiveren? (HPLC-MS)
#* Wat is de monoisotopische massa bij 2ppm
#* Kan je uit deze opgaven een link tussen proteomics en metabolomics vinden?


===23/08/2018===
===23/08/2018===


#* proteomics :A clinician working on a major disease discovers a significantly up-regulated protein in a large number of patient samples. The conclusion is simple: this protein could be a major breakthrough! However, the medical doctor leading the study learned how to use a mass spectrometer, but was not yet trained in the interpretation of the data. Can you help our desperate clinician in identifying the protein based on the peak list below?
* proteomics :A clinician working on a major disease discovers a significantly up-regulated protein in a large number of patient samples. The conclusion is simple: this protein could be a major breakthrough! However, the medical doctor leading the study learned how to use a mass spectrometer, but was not yet trained in the interpretation of the data. Can you help our desperate clinician in identifying the protein based on the peak list below?
148.07574
148.07574
175.11900         
175.11900         
Regel 30: Regel 363:
926.47309         
926.47309         
#Questions:
#Questions:
1) Which type of proteomic analysis has been used? (explain thoroughly) …/2
#* Which type of proteomic analysis has been used? (explain thoroughly) …/2
2) What is the identity of the protein (explain your strategy for interpretation and the certainty regarding your identification) …/3
#* What is the identity of the protein (explain your strategy for interpretation and the certainty regarding your identification) …/3
3) Which disease is studied? …/1
#* Which disease is studied? …/1
4) How would the spectrum look like if the other proteomics method would have been used? (if you are not sure about your identification (question 2), please use human epidermal growth factor as a substitute (not both! or you pick your identified protein, or the substitute) …/3
#* How would the spectrum look like if the other proteomics method would have been used? (if you are not sure about your identification (question 2), please use human epidermal growth factor as a substitute (not both! or you pick your identified protein, or the substitute) …/3
5) Search for a recent article concerning the protein of interest and give a brief discussion (again, same principle as for question 4)
#*Search for a recent article concerning the protein of interest and give a brief discussion (again, same principle as for question 4)


Metabolomics
Metabolomics
Regel 91: Regel 424:


Landuyt,  
Landuyt,  
# Onderzoek(st)er vind interresant proteine bij een zieke persoon gegeven onderstaand massa spectrum (piekenlijst van een peptide), welke proteomics aanpak is er gebruikt en leg deze kort uit  
# Proteomics. Onderzoek(st)er vind interresant proteine bij een zieke persoon gegeven onderstaand massa spectrum (piekenlijst van een peptide).
# van welk proteine is dit peptiede  
#* Welke proteomics aanpak is er gebruikt en leg deze kort uit  
# als je de andere proteomics aanpak gebruikt wat voor pieken bekom je dan bij je massaspectrum, geef 5 voorbeelden van massa's die hierbij voorkomen  
#* Van welk proteine is dit peptiede  
# wat is de biologische relevantie van dit proteine aka in welke ziekte speelt dit proteine een rol dan Metabolomics gegeven een drug-metaboliet met een piekhalfwaardebreedte 0.0001en een monoisotopische massa 480.2531  
#* Als je de andere proteomics aanpak gebruikt wat voor pieken bekom je dan bij je massaspectrum, geef 5 voorbeelden van massa's die hierbij voorkomen  
#* wat is de resolutie van dit spectrum en is dit nodig?  
#*wat is de biologische relevantie van dit proteine aka in welke ziekte speelt dit proteine een rol  
#* waarom zien we typisch 2 pieken of meer van hetzelfde ion op een massa spectrum  
 
#*over welke drug gaat het hier in dit geval
# Metabolomics gegeven een drug-metaboliet met een piekhalfwaardebreedte 0.0001en een monoisotopische massa 480.2531  
#*Bonus vraag: Wat is de exacte mode of action van deze drug met betrekking tot het proteïne uit vraag 1
#* Wat is de resolutie van dit spectrum en is dit nodig?  
#* Waarom zien we typisch 2 pieken of meer van hetzelfde ion op een massa spectrum  
#* Over welke drug gaat het hier in dit geval
#* Bonus vraag: Wat is de exacte mode of action van deze drug met betrekking tot het proteïne uit vraag 1


===16/01/2018 (VM)===
===16/01/2018 (VM)===

Huidige versie van 13 jan 2026 om 11:34


Vakinformatie

Genoom-, proteoom- en metaboloomanalyse Het vak wordt gegeven door prof. Landuyt en prof. Robben. Robben zijn deel is mondeling en gesloten boek. Robben maakt elk examen nieuwe vragen

2022-2023: het vak wordt gegeven door Landuyt (metabolomics), Robben (genomics), en Schoofs (proteomics). Alles is gesloten boek.

2023-2024: het vak wordt gegeven door Van Belleghem (genomics) en Schoofs (proteomics). Voor het metabolomics gedeelte van Landuyt moest je oude lesopnames kijken. Alles is gesloten boek, geschreven examen

2024-2025: Het vak wordt gegeven door Van Belleghem (genomics) en Temmerman (proteomics en metabolomics). Voor het deel van Temmerman waren er opnames van prof Schoofs en Landuyt, vanwege Temmerman haar zwangerschap. Ze was er wel voor vragen te beantwoorden. Alles is gesloten boek, geschreven examen.

2025-2026: De eerste zes hoorcolleges worden gegevens door Prof. Van Belleghem (genomics, transcriptomics, interactomics), de volgende vier door Prof. Temmerman (MS, proteomics, peptidomics) en de laatse twee door Prof. Pontrelli (metabolomics). Er zijn ook oefenzittingen en case studies. Op het examen zijn er twee theorie delen (elk 40%) en een oefening (20%). Je moet slagen voor het theorie deel van Van Belleghem en het theorie deel van Temmerman/Pontrelli om voor het vak te kunnen slagen.

ECTS-fiche: https://onderwijsaanbod.kuleuven.be/syllabi/n/G0G57AN.htm

Examenvragen

8u 9/1/2026

1. Proteomics- Temmerman

  • a. Open question (4 points): What are PCR based alternatives of MS for proteomics studies ? What are limitations and advantages of these techniques and compare this to Mass spec. Answer: Proximity Extension Assay; SOMAscan
  • b. Exercise question (4 points): No calculator allowed !
    1. A sequence was given (both one letter code and peptide structure of the sequence). Indicate the b2 and y2 ions of this tryptic peptide.
    2. Spectrum was given. Indicate which peaks correspond to the b2 and y2 ion.
    3. Annotate all the other peaks needed to get the peaks for y2 and b2 ions, when no sequence was given and sequencing de novo
    4. This is a tryptic peptide. When this was not given, you could not finish this exercise. Why ?

2. Metabolomics- Pontrelli

  • a. Open question (4 points) Log Transformation and Z-scoring need to be performed before PCA. Why is Z-scoring required before performing PCA ? Which information is retained / can be lost during Z-scoring ? In which condition can a misleading conclusion be derived ?

3. Genomics- Van Belleghem

  • a. Open Question: Human genome project
    1. Sequencing strategy of the first Human genome. Steps in sequencing and genome assembly (5 points)
    2. Limitations of the technique (cost, time, accuracy) (3 points)
    3. How have modern sequencing strategies helped in conquering these challenges? (3 points)
  • b. Terms (9 points in total)
    1. ChIP-seq (mechanism, which molecules can be detected)
    2. Photolithography (mechanism, in which biological process is this used ?)
    3. Retrotransposons (origin, mechanism, genome content)

21/01/2025

SVB

  • Open question about pangenome analysis including 50 genomes of Arabidopsis individuals from different environments and locations (11 points in total)
    1. Explain the concept of a pangenome analysis and explain the state of the art sequencing technique that can be used in detail (6 points)
    2. Comparison of pangenomes to high quality reference genome of Arabidopsis reveals accessory sequences and structural variants. Can you explain what is causing these accessory sequences and structural variants? (3 points)
    3. Can you think of at least 2 techniques that can be used to study the functionality of these accessory sequences? (2 points)
  • Terms (3 points/term so 9 points in total)
    1. ATAC-seq
    2. AP-MS
    3. LINE

Temmerman

  • Labels in proteomics: why used? Which types of labels are there? Give example for each type and explain the differences. (7 points)
  • MS spectrum: Label the axes. Which peptides in spectrum? Identify which peaks belong to which peptides. (4 points)
  • Are the following statements true or false. Explain briefly (1 point)
    1. peptide mass fingerprinting can be combined with shotgun proteomics
    2. peptide mass fingerprinting requires MS/MS data

01/02/2024

SVB

  • Open question: 233 genomes of primates to be sequenced, focus on repetitive content in the genome. What sequencing technologies and equipment to use? Why?
  • Explain how the chosen technologies work.
  • Give two examples of how can be used
  • Terms
    1. Retrovirus-like elements
    2. GWAS
    3. ChIP-Seq

Schoofs NO CALCULATOR ALLOWED

  • Explain how to identify proteins with explorative (shotgun) proteomics
  • Explain the differences between MALDI and ESI
  • Multiple choice with explanation
    1. No two identical compounds will ionise and fragment in exactly the same manner, true or false
    2. Enriched proteins of cultured cells, appropriate method (DiGE, SILAC, SRM, Label-free methods)
    3. What is SRM used for?
    4. Which conclusion can be drawn from a 2D gel electrophoresis experiment?
    5. m/z of 120, 121, 122, 123, which isotopes are responsible for signal at m/z 122 (12C, 35Cl, 1H; 12C, 35Cl, 2H; 12C, 37Cl, 1H; 12C, 37Cl, 2H)
  • Exercises
    1. Question about a fragmented peptide MS2 spectra
      • Why do the y ions have different intensities?
      • Explain how the peptide sequence (given) is derived from the spectrum.
    2. Figure with mass spectrum, what is the mass of the peak? (2 peaks, second peak is isotopes with distance of +1)
  • Definitions
    1. Delayed extraction
    2. Reflectron mode
    3. Targeted proteomics
    4. Mascot
    5. DDA


23/01/2024

SVB

  • Open question: 4000 genomes of Darwin's finches underwent resequencing encompassing individuals of 4 species
    1. Explain the methodology in conducting resequencing. what are the key steps and technologies?
    2. Evaluate the challenges of fragmentation of the reference genome, knowing that the genome existed of about 20.000 scaffolds of large size:
      • What genomic properties caused it to be fragmented? (repeats)
      • What is the significance of this issue?
      • Propose a method to enhance the coherency of the reference genome.
    3. Give two illustrative examples of insights that can be derived from experiments like these.
  • Terms
    1. Phylogenetic footprinting
    2. AP-MS
    3. Gene regulatory network

Schoofs

  • Explain how proteins of a biological sample can be identified with peptide masss fingerprinting using a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer.
  • Multiple choice with explanation
    1. Two compounds fragment in exactly the same manner, true or false
    2. Enriched proteins of cultured cells, appropriate method (DiGE, SILAC, SRM, Label-free methods)
    3. What is a proteotypic peptide?
    4. Which conclusion can be drawn from a 2D gel electrophoresis experiment?
    5. m/z of 120, 121, 122, 123, which isotopes are responsible for signal at m/z 122 (12C, 35Cl, 1H; 12C, 35Cl, 2H; 12C, 37Cl, 1H; 12C, 37Cl, 2H)
  • Exercises
    1. Question about the ICAT image from the slides
      • Are the peptides (A to F) coming from the same protein?
      • What is the distance between the green and the blue peaks?
      • Explain how the peptide sequence is derived from the spectrum
    2. Figure with mass spectrum, what is the mass of the peak? (2 peaks, second peak is isotopes with distance of 0,5)
  • Definitions
    1. SRM
    2. Isobaric tag
    3. Mass spectrometric resolution
    4. Mascot
    5. E-value

5/09/2023

Robben:

  1. Jarenlang geduurd om genoom van een specifieke boonsoort te sequencen (genoomgrootte = 4x menselijk genoom).
    1. Speculeer waarom het zo lang geduurd heeft.
    2. Geef schematisch weer welke strategie jij zou gebruiken om het genoom vandaag sneller te sequencen.
    3. Leg de principes van jouw gekozen technieken uit.
  2. Terms
    1. ribosome profiling
    2. scale free networks
    3. endogenous retrovirus

24/01/2023

Robben:

  1. Illumina, pacbio and oxford nanopore all have their own transcriptomics approach.
    1. Give the working principle
    2. critically discuss strengths and weaknesses of the platforms
    3. Which platform would you choose to study the transcriptome of a cancer tissue? argue.
  2. Terms
    1. paired end sequencing
    2. haplotype association analysis
    3. protein-protein interaction networks are scale free

Schoofs:

  1. Open vraag: membraanproteïnen van gezonde muizen en muizen met pituitary tumor onderzoeken. Hoe ga je de identificatie en kwanitificatie doen? aanpak volledig uitleggen.
  2. kleine vraagjes
    1. 2 meerkeuze
    2. 2 begrippen (razor peptide en delayed extraction tof)
    3. vraag met grafiek (intensiteit vs m/z), hoe massa van ongeladen peptide bepalen adh van deze grafiek?
    4. iets met de score-value voor peptide mass fingerprint verhogen
  3. oefening op computer
    1. frataxin mature peptide spot in een gel picken; welke pI en welke MW?
    2. Zijn er modificaties, waarom (niet)?
    3. Geef een lijst met 10 pieken die het hele spectrum weergeven.

18/01/2021

Robben:

  1. SMRT and nanopore can be used to finish the human X chromosome.
    1. Give the working principle and details of SMRT and nanopore.
    2. Why are these methods better than Illumina?
    3. Give the strategy to finish the other chromosomes.
  2. Terms
    1. Affymetrix chip
    2. Gene acquisition (by gene evolution)
    3. Genomic interactions

Landuyt:

  1. You get a safe denatured protein mixture from the Sars-Cov-2 virus.
    1. Describe a method how this mixture is made. (2p)
    2. If you would be pick the spike protein in a gel-based proteomics experiment, at which MW and PI would you look. Do you expect modifications and why (not)? (3p)
    3. Give a peak list of 10 peaks that cover the whole spectrum if you use trypsin to digest the spike protein. (4p)
    4. How can you see the difference between the UK and the standard viariant? Give the principle and calculations. (3)
  2. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was developed for malaria treatment and seems to be working against corona in patients with less severe symptomes. We need to know the blood concentrations of HCQ in treated patients. Therefore, you are offered a mass spectrometer with a mass accuracy of 5 ppm.
    1. How would you prepare the blood samples for this analysis. (3p)
    2. What is the mass you are going to look after? (...,... Da +- ...,... Da) (4p)
    3. BONUS question: can you give the mechanism of action of HCQ? (1p)

28/01/2020

Robben:

  1. SMRT sequencing recently had update, something with circularization.
    1. Discuss the technical aspects etc
    2. Why is it important?
  2. Terms
    1. Polyploidy and genome variation
    2. NanoString nCounter expression system
    3. Rosetta Stone Method

Landuyt: Same as 14/01/2020, 15/01/2020 and 21/01/2020

21/01/2020

Robben:

  1. The genome of cotton was already sequenced in 2012 via Sanger. Which NGS will you use to redo the sequencing?
    1. Give the working principle and details of the chosen platform.
  2. Terms
    1. Gene ontology
    2. Affimix chip
    3. Gene interaction mapping

Landuyt (exact same questions as yesterday):

  1. Placental Growth Factor is an interesting protein.
    1. Describe briefly what makes this protein so interesting (1p)
    2. If PlGF would be picked up in a gel-based proteomics experiment, how would the spectrum then look like (provide the exact masses of at least 5 peaks). (4p)
    3. Describe the workflow of this proteomics strategy starting from a tissue sample (4p)
    4. What are the shortcoming and advantages of the gel-based approach (3p)
  2. Curcumin, one of the bioactive metabolites from plants of the ginger family, has many potential medical uses. However, bioavailibility of curcumin is low, and therefore, many research is conducted to find better formulations to reach optimal blood concentrations. In order to support this research, you need to build an assay to asses blood plasma concentrations of curcumin. Therefore, you are offered a mass spectrometer with a mass accuracy of 30 ppm.
    1. How would you prepare the blood samples for this analysis. (3p)
    2. What is the mass you are going to look after? (...,... Da +- ...,... Da) (4p)
    3. BONUS question: can you give one possible strategy to formulate an oral curcumin preparation with better bioavailability. (1p)

15/01/2020 (afternoon)

Robben:

  1. Infection of a certain type of phage in a bacterial cell. You would like to execute a transcriptomal analysis at the moment of encounter of the phage and 15 minutes later.
    1. Defend which platform/technique you would use.
    2. Explain the working principles and technical details of the chosen platform/technique.
  2. Terms
    1. Optical mapping
    2. Sequence scaffold
    3. Interaction network


Landuyt (exact same questions as yesterday):

  1. Placental Growth Factor is an interesting protein.
    1. Describe briefly what makes this protein so interesting (1p)
    2. If PlGF would be picked up in a gel-based proteomics experiment, how would the spectrum then look like (provide the exact masses of at least 5 peaks). (4p)
    3. Describe the workflow of this proteomics strategy starting from a tissue sample (4p)
    4. What are the shortcoming and advantages of the gel-based approach (3p)
  2. Curcumin, one of the bioactive metabolites from plants of the ginger family, has many potential medical uses. However, bioavailibility of curcumin is low, and therefore, many research is conducted to find better formulations to reach optimal blood concentrations. In order to support this research, you need to build an assay to asses blood plasma concentrations of curcumin. Therefore, you are offered a mass spectrometer with a mass accuracy of 30 ppm.
    1. How would you prepare the blood samples for this analysis. (3p)
    2. What is the mass you are going to look after? (...,... Da +- ...,... Da) (4p)
    3. BONUS question: can you give one possible strategy to formulate an oral curcumin preparation with better bioavailability. (1p)

14/01/2020 (morning)

Robben:

  1. Phenotypic differences between closely related almond and peach might largely be attributed to transposable elements. Your lab received funding for comparative genomic sequencing to elucidate the differences.
    1. Explain schematically the sequencing strategy you would propose.
    2. Which commerically available next-gen sequencing platform(s) would you propose to use. Argue your choice.
    3. Explain the working principles of the chosen platform(s)
  2. Terms
    1. Ribosome profiling
    2. (Transcriptomics) microarray target labeling
    3. Protein-protein interaction maps are scale free

Landuyt:

  1. Placental Growth Factor is an interesting protein.
    1. Describe briefly what makes this protein so interesting (1p)
    2. If PlGF would be picked up in a gel-based proteomics experiment, how would the spectrum then look like (provide the exact masses of at least 5 peaks). (4p)
    3. Describe the workflow of this proteomics strategy starting from a tissue sample (4p)
    4. What are the shortcoming and advantages of the gel-based approach (3p)
  2. Curcumin, one of the bioactive metabolites from plants of the ginger family, has many potential medical uses. However, bioavailibility of curcumin is low, and therefore, many research is conducted to find better formulations to reach optimal blood concentrations. In order to support this research, you need to build an assay to asses blood plasma concentrations of curcumin. Therefore, you are offered a mass spectrometer with a mass accuracy of 30 ppm.
    1. How would you prepare the blood samples for this analysis. (3p)
    2. What is the mass you are going to look after? (...,... Da +- ...,... Da) (4p)
    3. BONUS question: can you give one possible strategy to formulate an oral curcumin preparation with better bioavailability. (1p)

29/01/2019

Robben:

  1. je hebt een genoom van een axolotl dat je wil analyseren. Het heeft een genoom meer dan dubbel zo groot als dat van de mens. Welke next generation sequencing techniek ga je gebruiken + verdedig waarom
  2. woordjes:
    1. Ribsome profiling
    2. Array protein targetting
    3. protein-protein interaction map is scale free

Landuyt:

  1. you receive a peak list: 148.07574, 175.11900, 219.11285, 322.18741, 334.13979, 423.23509, 447.22386, 480.25655, 504.24532, 593.34062, 605.29300, 708.36756, 752.36141, 779.40467, 908.46252, 926.47309
    1. Which type of proteomic analysis has been used? (explain thoroughly)
    2. What is the identity of the protein (explain your strategy for interpretation and the certainty regarding your identification)
    3. How would the spectrum look like if the other proteomics method would have been used?
    4. Search for a recent article concerning the protein of interest and give a brief discussion (if you are not sure about your identification (question 2), please use human epidermal growth factor as a substitute (not both! or you pick your identified protein, or the substitute)
  2. Verhaaltje rond onderzoekers die de bioavailability willen onderzoeken van de stof curcumin, deze stof bevindt zich in het bloed. via MS zul je curcumin kunnen analyseren.
    1. How would you prepare the patient blood plasma samples to extract the drug? 3p
    2. Which mass will you be looking for? 4p
    3. bonus punt: describe a innovative preparation of curcumin for improved oral bioavailability. 1p

22/01/2019

Robben:

  1. verhaal rond een proteïne dat kan instaan voor vele zaken via interacties met een bepaald domein. Hoe kan je deze interacties best bestuderen?
    1. bespreek welke methode je het best kan gebruiken en vergelijk met andere technieken.
    2. bespreek kort de manier van werking van de methode die je gekozen hebt.
  2. begrippen
    1. paired end sequencing
    2. nanopore sequencing
    3. affimetrix chip

Landuyt:

  1. A proteomics researcher working on a major human disease discovers a significantly expressed protein in a set of biopsies taken from patients, compared with a set of biopsies from healthy individuals. Below you can find the peak list that can be used to identify this protein. peak list :920.48 902.47 791.43 774.37 720.40 661.29 607.31 532.24 476.27 445.21 389.24 314.17 260.20 201.09 147.11 130.05
    1. Which type of proteomics approach has been used? Explain briefly 3p
    2. What is the identity of the protein? 4p
    3. What would the spectrum look like if the other proteomics approach would have been used? Give 5 examples masses that could appear in this spectrum. If you do not feel confident about your protein ID, use human epidermal growth factor (EGF) as an alternative for this assignment. 4p
    4. Briefly explain the biological role of this protein. What type of disease is being studied? 1p
  2. Some patients are selected for treatment with imatinib mesylate. In order to check the pharmacology of the drug, you are offered an old single quadrupole MS with a mass accuracy of 100ppm.
    1. How would you prepare the patient blood plasma samples to extract the drug? 3p
    2. Which mass will you be looking for? 4p
    3. Bonus question: Can you explain the mode of action of this drug in relation to the drug target (= the protein from question 1)? 1p

16/01/2019

Deel Robben:

  1. je stuurt een bacterie naar de ruimte en laat deze daar groeien, je laat dezelfde bacterie op aarde groeien. Hoe zou jij het transcriptoom onderzoeken? welke techniek gebruik je + verdedig waarom deze en niet de andere. Leg deze techniek uit.
  2. woordjes:
    1. SMRT,
    2. gene altering,
    3. genetic interactomics

Deel Landuyt

  1. Je hebt een pieklijst, welke methode van proteomics is hier gebruikt om het proteïnen te onderzoeken. er was een verhaaltje bij dat het ging over een meneer met plotse diarree en je neemt een stoelsample om te onderzoeken. Pieklijst: 997.49 979.49 868.46 851.31 754.34 705.39 640.30 592.31 505.28 493.23 406.20 358.21 293.11 244.17 147.11 130.05

Het is volgens de prof : EYI/LSFNPK

  1. welk protein is het?
  2. wat zou een 2e mogelijkheid zijn om dit proteïnen te onderzoeken en wat zou je verkrijgen?
  3. geef meer info over de werking van het proteïnen

Deel 2: Je wilt het actief component van motilium onderzoeken, wat is je strategie?

  1. De accuraatheid van je ms machine is 10 ppm, waar ga je de piek zien van het actief component?
  2. Geef meer info over dit component

15 januari 2019

Robben

  1. Solexa sequencing en SMRT vergelijken.
  2. Begrippen:
    1. Polyploidie en genomic evolution,
    2. Nanostring nCounter technologie
    3. Rosetta stone method

Landuyt

  1. Proteomics
    • Piekenlijst : 1425.63 1407.62 1297.57 1279.53 1168.53 1165.48 1078.48 1069.46 981.4 968.41 853.39 818.34 722.35 704.29 608.3 573.25 458.23 445.24 357.18 348.19 261.16 258.11 147.11 129.07
    • Welk proteïne is dit?
    • Wat zou het resultaat zijn als er een andere proteomics techniek wordt gebruikt?
    • Geef meer info over de werking van het proteïne
  1. Metabolomics
    • Je hebt een metaboliet resveratrol dat in rode wijn voorkomt en efficiënt hieruit geëxtraheerd kan worden.
    • Hoe zou je resveratrol opzuiveren? (HPLC-MS)
    • Wat is de monoisotopische massa bij 2ppm
    • Kan je uit deze opgaven een link tussen proteomics en metabolomics vinden?

23/08/2018

  • proteomics :A clinician working on a major disease discovers a significantly up-regulated protein in a large number of patient samples. The conclusion is simple: this protein could be a major breakthrough! However, the medical doctor leading the study learned how to use a mass spectrometer, but was not yet trained in the interpretation of the data. Can you help our desperate clinician in identifying the protein based on the peak list below?

148.07574 175.11900 219.11285 322.18741 334.13979 423.23509 447.22386 480.25655 504.24532 593.34062 605.29300 708.36756 752.36141 779.40467 908.46252 926.47309

  1. Questions:
    • Which type of proteomic analysis has been used? (explain thoroughly) …/2
    • What is the identity of the protein (explain your strategy for interpretation and the certainty regarding your identification) …/3
    • Which disease is studied? …/1
    • How would the spectrum look like if the other proteomics method would have been used? (if you are not sure about your identification (question 2), please use human epidermal growth factor as a substitute (not both! or you pick your identified protein, or the substitute) …/3
    • Search for a recent article concerning the protein of interest and give a brief discussion (again, same principle as for question 4)

Metabolomics accuraatheid berekenen, je krijgt de M/Z van het toestel. De exacte massa moet je opzoeken is dit een goede accuraatheid, leg uit?

23/01/2018 NM

Robben:

  1. Ze willen het genoom van een rendier achterhalen. de dichtst verwante soort waarvan ze het genoom kennen is een rund.
    • Hoe ga je te werk? welk next generation sequencing platform kies je (je kan er maar 1 kopen) en waarom?
    • Leg de sample prep en voornaamste principes uit.
    • Woordjes
    1. Scaffold sequentie
    2. Genetic interactomics
    3. PMAGE

Landuyt:

  1. PROTEOMICS
    • Na 2D gel kiest researcher een spot en behandelt die met trypsine en krijgt bij MS een lijst pieken (die je dus krijgt). De researcher herkent 'familiar' masses en kiest 1 peptide om te fragmenteren omdat het het enige 'non-suspicious' fragment is. (je weet welke massa dat is). Na fragmentatie krijg je een volgende piekenlijst.
    1. Wat ging er verkeerd in het experiment?
    2. Welke MS methoden of componenten werden er gebruikt?
    3. Welk proteine analyseert hij en wat is de functie ervan.
  2. METABOLOMICS
    • Een researcher in colombia krijgt een ms toestel ter beschikking, analyseert koffiebonen (denk ik) en krijgt een dominante piek op 195,xx m/z.
    1. Wat is da accuraatheid van het machien op ca 200 Da? Is dit oke voor metabolomics?
    2. BONUS er was nog een tweede dominante piek xxx m/z, welk molecule is dit?

23/01/2018 VM

Robben:

  1. Je wilt met behulp van next generation sequencing mutaties en rearrangments onderzoeken in kanker.
    • Wat is je sequencing strategy?
    • Welk platform zou je gebruiken? (Je mag er maar 1 geven).
    • Geef uitgebreid de sample prep en de werking van het platform.
  2. Woordjes:
    • Endogenous Retrovirus
    • Affrimex Genechip
    • nCounter technology

Landuyt:

  1. PROTEOMICS
    • A lab technician in a proteomics core facility receives samples for identification, one from a lab working with human cancer tissues and one from a lab working on neuro degenerating deseases. One of the proteins was cut from a 2D gel and the other protein was found to be up-regulated in a gel-free proteomics experiment. Both analysis yielded nice mass spectra, the respective peak lists can be found below. However, due to some solvent spilling, the ink on the tubes was ruined and the origin of the samples got lost. The lab technician is very concerned with this issue because he is afraid to lose his job.
      • Peak list 1: 1743,83; 1716,82; 1605,79; 1560,72; 1474,75; 1473,69; 1417,73; 1360,61; 1303,69; 1259,56; 1174,64; 1172,53; 1073,46; 1060,6; 972,41; 947,52; 885,38; 850,46; 788,32; 763,43; 675,24; 662,38; 563,32; 561,2; 476,28; 432,16; 375,24; 318,11; 262,15; 261,09; 175,12; 130,05
      • Peak list 2: 4356,00; 4435,97; 3243,61; 3563,47; 2709,32; 2622,32; 2391,03; 2550,96; 2356,24; 2270,15; 2165,90; 2245,87; 2053,89; 2133,86; 1980,09; 2064,11; 2008,12; 2060,06; 1954,96; 2114,89; 1916,98; 1958,99; 1996,94; 1697,83; 1681,90; 1578,82; 1620,83; 1658,79; 1522,77; 1487,65; 1393,63; 1596,71; 1873,43; 1387,60; 1326,64; 1309,72; 1292,60; 1132,56; 1212,53; 1114,53; 1101,55; 1304,63; 1421,42; 1066,59; 1306,49; 1003,54; 1045,55; 1163,48;
    1. Which peak list was generated from the gel-based and which was generated with gel-free proteomic analysis. Please comment on how you come to you conclusion.
    2. What is the identity of the two proteins? Give a brief summary of the biological significance of both proteins. (= eerste lijst De novo en BLASTEN & tweede lijst in MASCOT steken --> neem taxonomy homo sapience!)
    3. By now, you should be able to transferrin the identity of proteins to the correct lab. Which comes from the cancer lab and which from neuro degeneration lab?
  2. METABOLOMICS
    • The popular cocktail mojito was initially created as a medicine to treat various conditions such as bad digestion. Therefore, it is nowadays consumed to stimulate appetite before a meal or to stimulate digestion after a heavy meal. The core ingredient is mint, which undergoes a successful extraction with rum an lime juice.
    1. If you would like to purify the metabolites from mint in a lab setting, how would you do this knowing the above.
    2. In case the extraction is successful and you have a mass spectrometer with a mass accuracy of 2 ppm, then what would be the mono-isotopic mass would you record for the most dominant metabolite from the mint?
    3. BONUS: If mint would be an illegal substance and you were asked to make a test to detect it in blood of suspected users, which metabolite would you go afer? (multi answers possible).

16/01/2018 (NM)

Robben

  1. Sequencing platform (welk en waarom) + uitleggen hoe. voor een transcriptomics studie van de gifklier van een schorpioen, hoe ge u staalvoorbereiding zou doen.
  2. woordjes: Massive parallel signature sequencing, proteome array en genetic interactomics.

Landuyt,

  1. Proteomics. Onderzoek(st)er vind interresant proteine bij een zieke persoon gegeven onderstaand massa spectrum (piekenlijst van een peptide).
    • Welke proteomics aanpak is er gebruikt en leg deze kort uit
    • Van welk proteine is dit peptiede
    • Als je de andere proteomics aanpak gebruikt wat voor pieken bekom je dan bij je massaspectrum, geef 5 voorbeelden van massa's die hierbij voorkomen
    • wat is de biologische relevantie van dit proteine aka in welke ziekte speelt dit proteine een rol
  1. Metabolomics gegeven een drug-metaboliet met een piekhalfwaardebreedte 0.0001en een monoisotopische massa 480.2531
    • Wat is de resolutie van dit spectrum en is dit nodig?
    • Waarom zien we typisch 2 pieken of meer van hetzelfde ion op een massa spectrum
    • Over welke drug gaat het hier in dit geval
    • Bonus vraag: Wat is de exacte mode of action van deze drug met betrekking tot het proteïne uit vraag 1

16/01/2018 (VM)

Robben

  1. RNA-seq uitleggen + 1 sequencing platform + voor en nadelen van RNAseq en andere analyse platvormen (kader met PCR, microarrays, SAGE en RNAseq
  2. woordjes: polyploidie en genoom evolutie, gene ontology, Rosetta stone method

Landuyt

  1. MS pieken gegeven: welk proteïne, welk proteomics methode, wat als ze de andere methode gebruikte (geef 5 massa's), mode of action van dat proteine
  2. massa en half height gegeven: wat is de resolutie en is het een goede resolutie, over welk metaboliet zijn we bezig, soms zijn er meerdere pieken voor hetzelfde metaboliet en waarom
  3. Bonus vraag: wat is de link tussen het proteïne en het metaboliet volgens recente studies

10/06/2014

prof. Robben (gesloten boek)

  1. Wat doet RNA-seq?
  2. Geef 1 van de ontwikkelde technieken vrij te kiezen (454/solid/...) (commercieel platform)
  3. Vergelijk RNA-seq met andere technieken (voordelen/nadelen) (concurrerende methoden)

prof. Landuyt (open boek/open pc)

  1. Krijgt waarden van MS moet eiwit geven
  2. Waarom kan je een vertekend beeld krijgen en geef de statistische realiteit
  3. Welke ziekte zou er hier onderzocht zijn?
  4. Als er een fout is opgetreden bij de MS kan je een andere methode gebruiken?
  5. Moest ge zelf onderzoek willen doen op dit eiwit met welke dingen zou je dan rekening willen houden en hoe los je dit op?

Johan Robben

  1. In het kader van een onderzoeksproject krijg je de opdracht om bij een industriële giststam de transcriptoom verschillen bij het brouwen van Westmalle en Duvel in kaart te brengen. Stel een methode voor en bespreek een concreet analyseplatform voor waarvoor je zou kiezen. Beargumenteer je keuze.
  2. Bespreek bondig de belangrijkste 'second generation' sequencing methoden. Vergelijk en evalueer kritisch.
  3. Bespreek drie experimentele methoden om interacties te ontdekken. Geef voor- en nadelen.
  4. Sequencing. Bespreek de Solexa-methode (Illumina) vanaf de bereiding van het DNA tot het sequeneren zelf. Welke toepassingen heeft Solexa? Wanneer is de Sanger-methode te verkiezen?
  5. Interactomics. Bespreek kort drie methoden om te onderzoeken. Geef sterktes/zwaktes van elke techniek. Hoe ga je met gegevens uit deze technieken (in essentie) interactienetwerken opbouwen.
  6. Bespreek de Affymetrix GeneChip en de Illumina random BeadArrays. En maak een kwalitatieve vergelijking.
  7. Bespreek Illumina Sequencing van DNA-preparatie tot uitlezing. Vergelijk kwalitatief met Sanger sequencing.
  8. Bespreek 454 sequencing (van DNA library construction tot sequentie analyse). Vergelijk kwantitatief 454 met Sanger.
  9. De hoge druk sequencers van de nieuwe generatie vormen een bedreiging voor de traditionele micro-arrays. Leg uit.
  10. Bespreek oligonucleotide arrays en random beads in transcriptoomanalyse en vergelijk. Bespreek targetlabelling en uitlezing.
  11. Leg volgende begrippen kort uit:
    • whole shotgun sequencing
    • paired end ditags
    • gene ontology
    • scale free network

Bart Landuyt

  1. Hoe zijn massaspectrometers over het algemeen opgebouwd? Geef enkele vb van veel gebruikte opstellingen.
  2. Waarin verschilt peptidomics fundamenteel van proteomics?
  3. Bespreek de uitdagingen van het metaboloom en de gevolgen ervan op de analyse

Baggerman

  1. Hoe bepaal je de sequentie van een peptide met MS?
  2. Bespreek ESI-Q-TOF massa spectrometrie
  3. Vergelijk MALDI en ESI. Geef voor- en nadelen.
  4. Bespreek resolutie in MS, geef relevantie bij analyse.
  5. Leg het principe van een time-of-flight analysator uit

Filip Roland

  1. chemische uitdagingen van het metaboloom + relevantie voor staalname en staalbereiding
  2. Bespreek de belangrijkste verschillen tussen metaboloom - gen/transcr/proteoom. Hoe uit zich dat in de analyse.
  3. Bespreek de klassieke workflow van een metabolomics-analyse. Welke keuzes moeten gemaakt worden en wat zijn de mogelijke technieken die gebruikt kunnen worden