Applied Medical Biotechnology

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Exam questions

10 Januari 2025 AM

Cools:

1. What is clonal hematopoiesis? How to detect it? What are the consequences/implications when it is detected?
2. Four questions:
   • What is the difference between bulk CRISPR screens and single cell CRISPR screens?
   • What is PROTAC?
   • What are CAR-T cells?
   • H3K27me3

Lambrechts:

1. Two types of spatial transcriptomic technologies exist. Name them, describe their key differences and schematically illustrate an example of a method that was commercialized for each of both types.
2. Can you (schematically) describe the technology used by the scientist Jiankee He. Can you describe what Jiankee He did to upset the international scientic community. And why is there less controversy around the authorised use of Casegevy in humans - describe ?

Van den Steen:

1. Give two examples of therapeutics of type 1 interferon. Also describe the underlying mechanism. Should IFN-bèta be glycosylated when used as therapeutic? Explain why (not)
2. A researcher wants to make a passive immunization therapy for placental malaria. What are the advantages/disadvantages of passive immunization and how does it work? What antigen should be targeted and explain in detail what it does/how it works. Should the antibody be sialylated? How can the antibodies be optimized? Would this therapy be effective? Why (not)?

6 september 2024

Cools:

1. Whole-exome sequencing data of white blood cells of individuals given including the VAF of the mutations. The mutations that were found were DNMT3A, JAK2, TET2 and ASXL1: what is going on in these individuals, what can you conclude from the data, what would you recommend these individuals?
2. Describe 3 different types of immunotherapy for cancer treatment in detail, compare these different types and give their advantages and disadvantages, also explain the main problems with these types of immunotherapy

Van Den Steen:

1. What are the biological therapeutics for TNF-alfa. Compare, give advantages and disadvantages. What is the main therapeutic that is used? What is the main problem with it? Would you sialylate this biological therapeutic?
2. Design a vaccination strategy against Trypanosoma cruzi

Lambrechts:

1. Two types of spatial transcriptomic technologies exist. Name them, describe their key differences and schematically illustrate an example of a method that was commercialized for each of both types.
2. Describe the principle of linkage disequilibrium between SNPs, and indicate in which studies this disequilibrium is being used. How do these studies work? We also discussed how SNPs are being used to predict risk of developing a disease, risk of developing side-effects in response to treatment or to identify the underlying mechanisms of disease. Can you briefly explain?

18 januari 2024

Cools:

1. what is clonal hematopoiesis? How to detect? Consequences/implications?
2. a) CAR-T cell b) single-cell CRISPR screen c) ATAC sequencing d) PROTAC

Van den Steen:

1. IFN-alfa: give the different types + their (dis)advantages, their application, should they be sialylated?
2. Explain placental malaria + which type of vaccine would you make + would it be effective?

Lambrechts:

1. PARP inhibitors and pre-symptomatic tumor detection; name of the two tests and how they work.
2. Cre recombinase system + 4 types of mouse models

12 januari 2024

Cools:

1. Ik heb 10 kankercellijnen waarvan er 4 een puntmutatie hebben op een non-coded region. De puntmutatie bevindt zich voor de promotor van een gekend oncogen. Hoe controleer ik of de puntmutatie invloed heeft op de expressie van dit oncogen? Beschrijf de methodes die je zou toepassen (ChIP sequencing + ATAC)
2. a) oncohistones b) single-cell CRISPR screen c) bispecific antibodies d) PROTAC

Van den Steen:

1. Give two examples of therapeutics of type 1 interferon. Should IFN-bèta be glycosylated when used as therapeutic? Explain why (not)
2. What is the link between sequestration and evading the immune system regarding malaria? Could the molecules used for sequestration be a good vaccin target? Explain in detail why (not).

Lambrechts:

1. What is measured with CITEseq, ATACseq and scTCRseq? Explain briefly
2. How is zygote injection done to generate a transgenic mice? Give briefly 5 examples.

19 januari 2023

Cools:

1. a) PROTAC b) Problems when using in cancer treatment
2. ChIP-sequencing
3. ShRNA screen against 100 genes of which 1 causing drug resistance
4. a) What is clonal hematopoiesis? b) 100 people, how do you find out who has CH? Describe step by step: what do you need/what technology do you use/how do you perform data analysis?

Eelen:

1. What is meant by 'Gene transfer in somatic cells'? Give an example. - max. 5 lines
2. How can the Cre/LoxP system be made inducible? Can it be made tissue specific? - max. 5 lines
3. Explain the Tet-on/Tet-off system schematically. Can it be made tissue specific? - max. 1 page

Lambrechts:

1. PRS? How did it originate? How can it be used for breast cancer?
2. Methylation as chemical marker? Chemical reaction? Use?

Van Den Steen:

1. Passive immunisation therapy against cerebral malaria
2. Difluoro-methylornithine